Multiple Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1. |
The
first name of the organism's scientific name is the ____.
a. |
species |
c. |
genus |
b. |
family |
d. |
order |
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2. |
The
classification system most commonly used today separates organisms into
____ kingdoms.
a. |
three |
c. |
five |
b. |
four |
d. |
six |
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3. |
Of
the following, which would NOT be grouped with the others?
a. |
blue
jeans |
c. |
sweat
pants |
b. |
shorts |
d. |
sweatshirt |
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4. |
Linnaeus's system gave how many names to each organism?
a. |
two |
c. |
one |
b. |
three |
d. |
four |
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5. |
If
you know an insect is a butterfly but don't know its scientific name,
it would be best to use a(n) ____ to find out.
a. |
dictionary |
c. |
biology
textbook |
b. |
encyclopedia |
d. |
dichotomous key |
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6. |
The
belief that living things come from nonliving things is called ____.
a. |
biogenesis |
c. |
homeostasis |
b. |
respiration |
d. |
spontaneous generation |
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7. |
To
solve a problem, scientists follow a series of steps called ____.
a. |
a
dichotomous key |
c. |
classifications |
b. |
scientific methods |
d. |
Systems or Units |
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8. |
Growth of many-celled organisms is mostly due to an increase in
the ____ of cells.
a. |
size |
c. |
number |
b. |
protons |
d. |
all of the above |
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9. |
Usually, the largest organelle in a cell is the ____.
a. |
chromatin |
c. |
vacuole |
b. |
nucleus |
d. |
lysosome |
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10. |
Plant
cells that are long and hollow transport ____ and water throughout the
plant.
a. |
oxygen |
c. |
blood |
b. |
chlorophyll |
d. |
food |
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11. |
Which
of these have prokaryotic cells?
a. |
snails |
c. |
bacteria |
b. |
frogs |
d. |
food |
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12. |
Groups of similar cells that do the same sort of work are ____.
a. |
organs |
c. |
tissues |
b. |
organ systems |
d. |
organelles |
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13. |
Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings in its ____.
a. |
organelles |
c. |
membrane |
b. |
DNA |
d. |
chromatin |
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14. |
Which
of the following is NOT a producer?
a. |
pine tree |
c. |
grass |
b. |
tulip |
d. |
honeybee |
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15. |
Organic compounds always contain ____.
a. |
water |
c. |
nitrogen |
b. |
oxygen |
d. |
carbon |
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16. |
Which
of these is NOT part of an atom?
a. |
element |
c. |
neutron |
b. |
proton |
d. |
electron |
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17. |
Substances too large to pass through the cell membrane enter the
cell in a process called ____.
a. |
endocytosis |
c. |
exocytosis |
b. |
passive transport |
d. |
active transport |
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18. |
Active transport occurs when ____ is used to move substances through
a membrane.
a. |
osmosis |
c. |
diffusion |
b. |
energy |
d. |
chlorophyll |
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19. |
____
is an organic compound.
a. |
NaCl |
c. |
C6H12O6 |
b. |
H2O |
d. |
O2 |
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20. |
Which
of these is selectively permeable?
a. |
door |
c. |
wall |
b. |
window screen |
d. |
mirror |
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21. |
During periods of strenuous activity, muscle cells run low on ____.
a. |
oxygen |
c. |
carbon
dioxide |
b. |
glucose |
d. |
lactic acid |
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22. |
Which
of these is a molecule?
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23. |
The
process that releases energy without using oxygen is ____.
a. |
photosynthesis |
c. |
osmosis |
b. |
respiration |
d. |
fermentation |
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Figure 3-1
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24. |
Diagram B in Figure 3-1 is an example of ____.
a. |
exocytosis |
c. |
osmosis |
b. |
active transport |
d. |
equilibrium |
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25. |
Diagram C in Figure 3-1 is an example of ____.
a. |
diffusion |
c. |
osmosis |
b. |
active transport |
d. |
equilibrium |
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26. |
Diagram D in Figure 3-1 is an example of ____.
a. |
exocytosis |
c. |
osmosis |
b. |
active transport |
d. |
equilibrium |
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27. |
Diagram E in Figure 3-1 is an example of ____.
a. |
diffusion |
c. |
osmosis |
b. |
exocytosis |
d. |
equilibrium |
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28. |
Animal cells do NOT have ____.
a. |
centrioles |
c. |
cell plates/walls |
b. |
centromeres |
d. |
cytoplasm |
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29. |
Most
of the life of any cell is spent in a period of growth called ____.
a. |
interphase |
c. |
telophase |
b. |
prophase |
d. |
anaphase |
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30. |
Which
of the following does not occur in plant cell mitosis, but does occur
in animal cell mitosis?
a. |
spindle
fibers form |
c. |
cell
walls form |
b. |
centrioles
form |
d. |
cell
plate forms |
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31. |
The
chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell contain a code known as ____.
a. |
RNA |
c. |
meiosis |
b. |
mitosis |
d. |
DNA |
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32. |
DNA
does NOT contain the nitrogen base ____.
a. |
adenine |
c. |
uracil |
b. |
cytosine |
d. |
thymine |
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33. |
A
cell that has two of every kind of chromosome is ____.
a. |
haploid |
c. |
an
egg |
b. |
diploid |
d. |
a
sperm |
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34. |
Haploid numbers of chromosomes are usually found in the ____ of
an organism.
a. |
tissues |
c. |
sex
cells |
b. |
body cells |
d. |
zygotes |
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35. |
Each
human skin cell has ____ pairs of chromosomes.
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36. |
Mendel called plants that received different alleles for a trait
from each parent ____.
a. |
hybrids |
c. |
genotypes |
b. |
dominant |
d. |
phenotypes |
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37. |
Which
of these is a recessive genetic disorder?
a. |
Down syndrome |
c. |
type O blood |
b. |
type
AB blood |
d. |
cystic
fibrosis |
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38. |
Of
the following, which represents a homozygous recessive genotype?
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39. |
____
are remains of life from an earlier time.
a. |
Sedimentary rocks |
c. |
Variations |
b. |
Fossils |
d. |
Limestones |
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40. |
Which
of the following is NOT a fossil?
a. |
outline of a fern found in a rock |
c. |
baby
mammoth found in a glacier |
b. |
petrified wood in the desert |
d. |
old stone tools found in a cave |
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41. |
Scientists can tell whether organisms are closely related by comparing
their ____.
a. |
hair
color |
c. |
DNA |
b. |
teeth |
d. |
scientific names |
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42. |
In
undisturbed areas, older rock layers lie ____ successively younger rock
layers.
a. |
below |
c. |
in
between |
b. |
above |
d. |
on top of |
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43. |
Change in the hereditary features of a type of organism over time
is ____.
a. |
growth |
c. |
spontaneous
generation |
b. |
biogenesis |
d. |
evolution |
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44. |
The
name Homo sapiens means ____.
a. |
“tool-using man” |
c. |
“handy man” |
b. |
“wise
human” |
d. |
“southern
ape” |
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45. |
Which
characteristic separated hominids from apes?
a. |
larger body |
c. |
larger eyes and ears |
b. |
larger
teeth |
d. |
larger
brain |
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Completion
Complete each sentence
or statement.
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46. |
A
two-word name used to classify living things is ______________________________.
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47. |
The
ability to remain stable is called ____________________.
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48. |
The
reaction of an organism to a stimulus is called a ____________________.
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49. |
The
____________________ in an experiment is the standard used to compare
with the outcome.
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Figure 2-1
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50. |
In
the animal cell shown in Figure 2-1, structure B is the ____________________.
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51. |
In
the animal cell shown in Figure 2-1, structure D is the _________________________.
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52. |
In
the animal cell shown in Figure 2-1, structure E is the ____________________.
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53. |
The
compound that allows materials to move through cell membranes by osmosis
is ____________________.
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54. |
The
process of nuclear division that produces haploid sex cells is ____________________.
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55. |
Bacterial cells reproduce asexually by ____________________.
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56. |
Mitosis is defined as division of a(n) ____________________.
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57. |
During the ____________________ step of mitosis, the cytoplasm
begins to divide and two new identical cells form.
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58. |
The
joining of an egg and a sperm is called ____________________.
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59. |
Sexual reproduction relies on meiosis instead of mitosis because
only meiosis produces ____________________ sex cells.
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60. |
A
yellow pea plant (Yy) and a green pea plant (yy) could produce ____________________
green offspring.
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61. |
A
human baby has two X chromosomes. Its sex is ____________________.
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62. |
A
useful segment of DNA is inserted into a bacterium to make ____________________.
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63. |
Purebred dogs often show variations in coat color. This is an example
of ____________________ dominance in genetics.
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64. |
Homologous structures indicate that two or more species might share
______________________________.
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65. |
____________________ is an adaptation that enables an organism
to blend into its environment.
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Short Answer
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66. |
Where
do organisms get energy?
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67. |
What
are cells?
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68. |
Choose an animal that you are familiar with, such as a dog or a
cat, and list characteristics you could use to identify the animal in
a dichotomous key.
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69. |
What
is the organization of your own cells, starting with the smallest unit
and going to the level of organism?
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70. |
What
is a compound light microscope?
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71. |
To
organisms, what advantage is there in having cells organized into tissues?
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72. |
Why
are mitochondria important to life?
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73. |
You
are looking at a single cell that is green in color. How do you know
it is a plant cell?
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74. |
How
is osmosis related to diffusion?
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75. |
Why
are bacteria unable to undergo mitosis?
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76. |
A
single cell undergoes mitosis every five minutes. How many cells will
result from this cell in 15 minutes? In 30 minutes?
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77. |
How
can mutations occur in cells?
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Figure 4-1
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78. |
What
phase of mitosis is illustrated in Diagram B of Figure 4-1?
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79. |
Beginning with interphase, use the letters to order the following
events:
A prophase
B telophase
C metaphase
D interphase
E anaphase
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Figure 4-2
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80. |
What
structure is illustrated in Figure 4-2?
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81. |
What
is Structure E in Figure 4-2?
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82. |
Is
it more common for girls or boys to be color-blind?
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83. |
You
are looking at four tall pea plants. What are their phenotypes and genotypes?
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84. |
Describe Lucy, the almost-complete skeleton of Australopithecus.
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85. |
Give
three reasons why a fossil record may be incomplete.
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86. |
You
are a scientist working on a glacier where the preserved body of a Cro-Magnon
child has been found. How could this fossil be used to prove that Cro-Magnons
were ancestors of modern humans?
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Matching
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Match each term with the correct description below.
a. |
lysosomes |
g. |
nucleus |
b. |
vacuoles |
h. |
organelles |
c. |
compound
light microscope |
i. |
cell
membrane |
d. |
scanning electron microscope |
j. |
cell wall |
e. |
electron
microscope |
k. |
cytoplasm |
f. |
mitochondria |
l. |
Golgi bodies |
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87. |
membrane-bound spaces for temporary storage in cells
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88. |
protective layer around all cells
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89. |
where
the energy in food is stored until it is released
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90. |
magnifies images up to a million times
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91. |
protects the cells of plants
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92. |
flattened membranes that package cellular substances
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93. |
gives
a three-dimensional view of an object
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94. |
gelatinlike material inside cell membrane
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95. |
structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
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96. |
directs all the activities of the cell
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97. |
has
two sets of lenses to magnify an object
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98. |
organelles that contain digestive chemicals
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Match each person with his discovery.
a. |
Theodor
Schwann |
d. |
Matthias
Schleiden |
b. |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
e. |
Robert Hooke |
c. |
Rudolph
Virchow |
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99. |
All
animals are made up of cells.
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100. |
Cells
divide to make new cells.
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101. |
Cork
is made up of little empty boxes called cells.
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102. |
made
a simple microscope that could magnify up to 270 times
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103. |
All
plants are made up of cells.
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Use Figure 2-2 to match each stage of
virus reproduction with the correct description below
Figure 2-2
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104. |
The
hereditary material of the virus injects itself into the bacterial cell.
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105. |
The
cell bursts open and releases new virus particles.
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106. |
A
specific virus attaches to the surface of a specific bacterial cell.
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107. |
The
viral hereditary material directs the cell to make new virus particles.
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108. |
New
viruses form inside of the host cell.
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Match each statement with the correct item below.
a. |
nucleic
acids |
f. |
photosynthesis |
b. |
metabolism |
g. |
lipids |
c. |
proteins |
h. |
consumers |
d. |
carbohydrates |
i. |
producers |
e. |
enzymes |
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109. |
store
and release large amounts of energy
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110. |
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
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111. |
changing light energy into chemical energy
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112. |
organisms that make their own food
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113. |
organisms that can't make their own food
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114. |
used
for building cell parts
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115. |
sugars, starch, and cellulose
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116. |
store
information in the cell
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117. |
total
of all chemical reactions in an organism
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Match each term with the correct description below.
a. |
mitosis |
d. |
eggs |
b. |
fertilization |
e. |
meiosis |
c. |
zygote |
f. |
sperm |
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118. |
sex
cells from female reproductive organ
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119. |
sex
cells from male reproductive organ
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120. |
only
takes place in reproductive organs
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121. |
cell
that forms in fertilization
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122. |
joining of two sex cells
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123. |
takes
place in body cells
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Match each term with the correct description below.
a. |
pedigree |
e. |
probability |
b. |
heterozygous |
f. |
incomplete dominance |
c. |
genotype |
g. |
multiple
alleles |
d. |
phenotype |
h. |
polygenic inheritance |
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124. |
organisms with two different alleles for a trait
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125. |
when
an intermediate form is expressed in offspring
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126. |
when
more than two alleles control a trait
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127. |
physical appearance of an organism
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128. |
helps
determine the chance that something will occur
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129. |
when
a group of gene pairs act together
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130. |
genetic makeup of an organism
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131. |
tool
for tracing a trait through a family
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Match each term with the correct description below.
a. |
Punnett
square |
e. |
recessive
factor |
b. |
homozygous |
f. |
alleles |
c. |
heredity |
g. |
genetics |
d. |
dominant factor |
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132. |
a
genetics tool that uses letters to represent dominant and recessive
alleles
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133. |
a
factor that seems to disappear
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134. |
when
there are two alleles that are exactly the same
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135. |
a
factor that covers up another factor
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136. |
the
different forms a gene has for a trait
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137. |
passing on of traits from parents to offspring
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138. |
study
of heredity
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Match each term with the correct description below.
a. |
Lamarck’s
explanation of evolution |
g. |
natural
selection |
b. |
camouflage |
h. |
variation |
c. |
homologous
structures |
i. |
embryology |
d. |
vestigial structures |
j. |
relative dating |
e. |
species |
k. |
gradualism |
f. |
radiometric dating |
l. |
punctuated equilibrium |
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139. |
when
an organism blends into its environment
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140. |
estimates age of fossils from sedimentary rocks
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141. |
study
of the development of the embryos of organisms
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142. |
evolution as a slow change of one species to another
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143. |
telling age by amount of change in a radioactive element
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144. |
body
parts that are reduced in size with no apparent function
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145. |
survival of the fittest
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146. |
evolution as a result of acquired characteristics
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147. |
a
trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species
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148. |
rapid
evolution with few intermediate forms
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149. |
body
parts that are similar in origin and structure
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150. |
a
group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce
among themselves
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Match each early human with the correct description below.
a. |
Homo
habilis |
c. |
Cro-Magnon |
b. |
Australopithecus |
d. |
Neanderthal |
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151. |
fossil characterized by a small brain cavity but humanlike jaw
and teeth
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152. |
known
as the “handy man” because of simple stone tools found near
the fossil
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153. |
lived
in art-decorated caves and buried their dead
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154. |
lived
in family groups in caves and hunted with well-made stone tools
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Problem
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155. |
Write
a pedigree for a family (parents and four children) in which one girl
and one boy are color-blind while one boy and one girl are not.
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156. |
If
two people are heterozygous for cystic fibrosis, what are the chances
that their children will have the disease?
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157. |
Suppose you crossed a heterozygous yellow pea plant (Yy) with a
homozygous green pea plant (yy). What are the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of the offspring? Use the Punnett square in Figure 5-1 to
compute your answers.
Figure 5-1
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