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Unit IV Structure & Function EXAM

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
____ are remains of life from an earlier time.
a.
Sedimentary rocks
c.
Variations
b.
Fossils
d.
Limestones
 

 2. 
Which of the following is NOT a fossil?
a.
outline of a fern found in a rock
c.
baby mammoth found in a glacier
b.
petrified wood in the desert
d.
old stone tools found in a cave
 

 3. 
The chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell contain a code known as ____.
a.
RNA
c.
meiosis
b.
mitosis
d.
DNA
 

 4. 
In undisturbed areas, older rock layers lie ____ successively younger rock layers.
a.
below
c.
in between
b.
above
d.
on top of
 

 5. 
Most of the life of any cell is spent in a period of growth called ____.
a.
interphase
c.
telophase
b.
prophase
d.
anaphase
 

 6. 
Of the following, which represents a homozygous recessive genotype?
a.
TT
c.
tt
b.
Tt
d.
TTT
 

 7. 
Which of these have prokaryotic cells?
a.
snails
c.
bacteria
b.
frogs
d.
viruses
 

 8. 
Groups of similar cells that do the same sort of work are ____.
a.
organs
c.
tissues
b.
organ systems
d.
organelles
 

 9. 
To solve a problem, scientists follow a series of steps called ____.
a.
a dichotomous key
c.
classifications
b.
scientific methods
d.
Systems or Units
 

 10. 
Which of the following is NOT a producer?
a.
pine tree
c.
grass
b.
tulip
d.
honeybee
 

 11. 
Growth of many-celled organisms is mostly due to an increase in the ____ of cells.
a.
size
c.
number
b.
protons
d.
all of the above
 

 12. 
The first name of the organism's scientific name is the ____.
a.
species
c.
genus
b.
family
d.
order
 

 13. 
Plant cells that are long and hollow transport ____ and water throughout the plant.
a.
oxygen
c.
blood
b.
chlorophyll
d.
food
 

 14. 
Haploid numbers of chromosomes are usually found in the ____ of an organism.
a.
tissues
c.
sex cells
b.
body cells
d.
zygotes
 

 15. 
The belief that living things come from nonliving things is called ____.
a.
biogenesis
c.
homeostasis
b.
respiration
d.
spontaneous generation
 

 16. 
Organic compounds always contain ____.
a.
water
c.
nitrogen
b.
oxygen
d.
carbon
 

 17. 
The classification system most commonly used today separates organisms into ____ kingdoms.
a.
three
c.
five
b.
four
d.
six
 

 18. 
Linnaeus's system gave how many names to each organism?
a.
two
c.
one
b.
three
d.
four
 

 19. 
Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings in the ____.
a.
organelles
c.
nuclear membrane
b.
DNA
d.
chromatin
 

 20. 
Which of these is selectively permeable?
a.
door
c.
wall
b.
window screen
d.
mirror
 

 21. 
Each human skin cell has ____ pairs of chromosomes.
a.
13
c.
23
b.
18
d.
46
 

 22. 
DNA does NOT contain the nitrogen base ____.
a.
adenine
c.
uracil
b.
cytosine
d.
thymine
 

 23. 
Change in the hereditary features of a type of organism over time is ____.
a.
growth
c.
spontaneous generation
b.
biogenesis
d.
evolution
 

 24. 
Which characteristic separated hominids from apes?
a.
larger body
c.
larger eyes and ears
b.
larger teeth
d.
larger brain
 

 25. 
Animal cells do NOT have ____.
a.
centrioles
c.
cell plates/walls
b.
centromeres
d.
cytoplasm
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 
 
unit_4_exam_files/i0280000.jpg
Figure 2-1
 

 26. 
In the animal cell shown in Figure 2-1, structure E is the ____________________.
 

 

 27. 
In the animal cell shown in Figure 2-1, structure D is the _________________________.
 

 

 28. 
A human baby has a X & a Y chromosome. Its sex is ____________________.
 

 

 29. 
The ____________________ in an experiment is the standard used to compare with the outcome.
 

 

 30. 
A yellow pea plant (Yy) and a green pea plant (yy) could produce ____________________ green offspring.
 

 

Short Answer
 
 
unit_4_exam_files/i0350000.jpg
Figure 4-1
 

 31. 
What phase of mitosis is illustrated in Diagram C of Figure 4-1?
 

 32. 
Why are bacteria unable to undergo mitosis?
 

 33. 
Why are mitochondria important to life?
 
 
unit_4_exam_files/i0390000.jpg
Figure 4-2
 

 34. 
What structure is illustrated in Figure 4-2?
 

 35. 
What is Structure E in Figure 4-2?
 

 36. 
A single cell undergoes mitosis every five minutes. How many cells will result from this cell in 15 minutes? In 30 minutes?
 

 37. 
Beginning with interphase, use the letters to order the following events:
A      prophase
B      telophase
C      metaphase
D      interphase
E      anaphase
 

Matching
 
 
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
lysosomes
g.
nucleus
b.
vacuoles
h.
organelles
c.
compound light microscope
i.
cell membrane
d.
scanning electron microscope
j.
cell wall
e.
electron microscope
k.
cytoplasm
f.
mitochondria
l.
Golgi bodies
 

 38. 
flattened membranes that package cellular substances
 

 39. 
magnifies images up to a million times
 

 40. 
protects the cells of plants
 

 41. 
protective layer around all cells
 

 42. 
directs all the activities of the cell
 

 43. 
where the energy in food is stored until it is released
 

 44. 
gelatinlike material inside cell membrane
 

 45. 
has two sets of lenses to magnify an object
 

 46. 
gives a three-dimensional view of an object
 

 47. 
structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
 

 48. 
membrane-bound spaces for temporary storage in cells
 

 49. 
organelles that contain digestive chemicals
 
 
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
pedigree
e.
probability
b.
heterozygous
f.
incomplete dominance
c.
genotype
g.
multiple alleles
d.
phenotype
h.
polygenic inheritance
 

 50. 
physical appearance of an organism
 

 51. 
when more than two alleles control a trait
 

 52. 
helps determine the chance that something will occur
 

 53. 
tool for tracing a trait through a family
 

 54. 
organisms with two different alleles for a trait
 

 55. 
when an intermediate form is expressed in offspring
 

 56. 
when a group of gene pairs act together
 

 57. 
genetic makeup of an organism
 
 
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
Lamarck’s explanation of evolution
g.
natural selection
b.
camouflage
h.
variation
c.
homologous structures
i.
embryology
d.
vestigial structures
j.
relative dating
e.
species
k.
gradualism
f.
radiometric dating
l.
punctuated equilibrium
 

 58. 
survival of the fittest
 

 59. 
when an organism blends into its environment
 

 60. 
evolution as a result of acquired characteristics
 

 61. 
a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves
 

 62. 
a trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species
 

 63. 
body parts that are reduced in size with no apparent function
 

 64. 
evolution as a slow change of one species to another
 

 65. 
telling age by amount of change in a radioactive element
 

 66. 
rapid evolution with few intermediate forms
 

 67. 
body parts that are similar in origin and structure
 

 68. 
estimates age of fossils from sedimentary rocks
 

 69. 
study of the development of the embryos of organisms
 
 
Use Figure 2-2 to match each stage of virus reproduction with the correct description below
unit_4_exam_files/i0800000.jpg
Figure 2-2
 

 70. 
The hereditary material of the virus injects itself into the bacterial cell.
 

 71. 
The cell bursts open and releases new virus particles.
 

 72. 
A specific virus attaches to the surface of a specific bacterial cell.
 

 73. 
New viruses form inside of the host cell.
 

 74. 
The viral hereditary material directs the cell to make new virus particles.
 

Problem
 

 75. 
Suppose you crossed a heterozygous yellow pea plant (Yy) with a homozygous green pea plant (yy). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? Use the Punnett square in Figure 5-1 to compute your answers.

unit_4_exam_files/i0870000.jpg
Figure 5-1
 



 
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