Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Deformation in which the object returns to its original shape and size after the
stress is removed is called ____.
a. | elastic deformation | c. | brittle deformation | b. | ductile deformation | d. | strain
deformation |
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2.
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The type of deformation in which the object permanently changes size and shape
without fracturing is called ____.
a. | brittle deformation | c. | elastic deformation | b. | ductile deformation | d. | stress
deformation |
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3.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of stress seen in rocks?
a. | shear stress | c. | compressional stress | b. | tensional stress | d. | transitional
stress |
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4.
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Tensional stresses commonly cause which of the following?
a. | strike-slip faults | c. | thrust faults | b. | reverse faults | d. | normal faults |
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5.
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Compressional stresses can result in the formation of ____.
a. | rift valleys | c. | thrust faults | b. | horsts and grabens | d. | normal faults |
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6.
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Faults in which movement is mainly horizontal and parallel to the trend of the
fault surface are called ____.
a. | reverse faults | c. | strike-slip faults | b. | thrust faults | d. | normal faults |
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7.
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Orogenesis is a ____.
a. | theory that explains the formation of strike-slip faults | b. | type of
faulting | c. | general term for the processes that produce mountains | d. | type of
anticline |
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8.
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a major part of
orogenesis?
a. | sedimentation | c. | thrust faulting | b. | folding | d. | igneous
activity |
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9.
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A graben is found between two ____.
a. | normal faults | c. | strike-slip faults | b. | thrust faults | d. | reverse faults |
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10.
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What type of stresses have the rocks undergone to form the structures in Figure
11-1?
a. | shear stresses | c. | tensional stresses | b. | compressional stresses | d. | none of the
above |
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11.
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In Figure 11-1, what is the structure labeled B?
a. | graben | c. | anticline | b. | horst | d. | dome |
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12.
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An example of folded mountains can be seen in ____.
a. | the Teton Range of Wyoming | c. | the Sierra Nevada of
California | b. | the Alps in Europe | d. | the Black Hills of South Dakota |
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13.
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The youngest rocks are found near the center of ____.
a. | an upwarping known as a dome | c. | uplifted structures called
horsts | b. | a downwarping known as a basin | d. | fold-and-thrust mountain
belts |
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14.
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In diagram A of Figure 11-2, where would the oldest rock layers be
located?
a. | at C | b. | at D | c. | between C and
D | d. | The answer cannot be determined. |
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15.
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The collision and joining of crustal fragments to a continent is called
continental ____.
a. | subduction | c. | destruction | b. | isostasy | d. | accretion |
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16.
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What is the major type of stress that occurs at convergent plate
boundaries?
a. | shear stress | c. | tensional stress | b. | compressional stress | d. | erosional
stress |
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17.
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What are the major types of mountain ranges that are formed at convergent plate
boundaries?
a. | fault-block and uplifted mountains | c. | folded and volcanic
mountains | b. | fault-block and folded mountains | d. | volcanic and fault-block
mountains |
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18.
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Which of the following can be produced at an ocean-continental convergent
boundary?
a. | volcanic island arc | c. | continental volcanic arc | b. | shrinking ocean
basin | d. | graben bounded by
horsts |
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19.
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Which of the following is an example of mountains formed as a result of
ocean-ocean convergence?
a. | the Andes Mountains | c. | the Hawaiian Islands | b. | the Himalayas | d. | the volcanoes of the
Philippines |
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20.
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What type of mountains are most common at divergent plate boundaries?
a. | folded mountains | c. | fold-and-thrust belts | b. | uplifted
mountains | d. | fault-block
mountains |
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21.
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Which of the following are associated with the process of orogenesis at
divergent boundaries?
a. | folded mountains | c. | domes and basins | b. | mountain chains at ocean
ridges | d. | volcanic island
arcs |
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22.
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In mountainous regions, the continental crust is ____.
a. | thinner than average | b. | thicker than average | c. | the same thickness
as in other areas | d. | sometimes thinner and sometimes thicker than
average |
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23.
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According to the process of isostatic adjustment, ____.
a. | thin sections of crustal material float higher than thicker slabs | b. | the crust is lowered
as mountains are eroded | c. | crustal slabs do not adjust their
positions | d. | thick sections of crustal material float higher than thinner
slabs |
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Short Answer
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24.
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List the factors that influence the strength of a rock and affect how it will
deform.
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25.
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Describe anticlines and synclines.
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26.
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How are mountains classified?
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27.
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Describe the structure called a dome, and give an example.
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Essay
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28.
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Briefly describe the relative movements and dominant stresses involved in the
four major types of faults.
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29.
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Briefly describe the composition and formation of an accretionary wedge, and
explain how it can form a mountain range.
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