Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Southern Hemisphere ____.
a. | is the only true ice sheet that remains on the planet | b. | holds almost
one-half of Earth’s salt water | c. | holds almost two-thirds of Earth’s fresh
water | d. | contains about one-fourth of the world’s ice |
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2.
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A thick ice mass that forms over the land from the accumulation, compaction, and
recrystallization of snow is a ____.
a. | fjord | c. | drumlin | b. | glacier | d. | cirque |
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3.
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Which of the following is NOT true about glaciers?
a. | They originate on land. | b. | They exist only in the Northern
Hemisphere. | c. | They show evidence of past or present flow. | d. | They form from the
recrystallization of snow. |
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4.
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Icebergs are produced when large pieces of ice break off from the front of a
glacier during a process called ____.
a. | wastage | c. | accumulation | b. | plucking | d. | calving |
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5.
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One characteristic of glacial movement is that ____.
a. | all glaciers, regardless of size, move at about the same rate | b. | new snowfall
accumulates in a zone at the bottom of the glacier | c. | the zone of wastage is at the top of the
glacier | d. | the movement depends on the balance between accumulation and
wastage |
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6.
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A bowl-shaped depression at the head of a glacial valley is a(n) ____.
a. | glacial trough | c. | horn | b. | arête | d. | cirque |
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7.
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What features are labeled F in Figure 7-1?
a. | kames | c. | kettle lakes | b. | eskers | d. | drumlins |
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8.
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What feature is labeled G in Figure 7-1?
a. | end moraine | c. | kettle lake | b. | kame | d. | outwash plain |
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9.
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What features, illustrated in Figure 7-1, were deposited by streams flowing in
tunnels beneath the ice?
a. | kames | c. | drumlins | b. | eskers | d. | kettle lakes |
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10.
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Which one of the following is NOT an effect that Pleistocene glaciers had on the
landscape?
a. | changes in river drainage | c. | worldwide changes in sea
level | b. | climate changes | d. | extinction of the dinosaurs |
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11.
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Which of the following features was formed by glacial erosion?
a. | the Mississippi River | c. | the Great Lakes | b. | the Basin and Range | d. | the Missouri
River |
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12.
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In the desert, ephemeral streams ____.
a. | run continuously, although the amount of flow varies | b. | run only after it
rains | c. | are actually dried stream beds that no longer carry water | d. | carry water
underground |
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13.
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Dry, flat lake beds located in the center of basins in arid areas are called
____.
a. | playas | c. | alluvial fans | b. | arroyos | d. | desert
pavements |
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14.
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A cone of debris deposited by running water at the mouth of a canyon in an arid
area is known as a(n) ____.
a. | delta | c. | ephemeral stream | b. | arroyo | d. | alluvial fan |
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15.
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What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas?
a. | wind | c. | running water | b. | gravity | d. | ice |
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16.
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The weathered debris in deserts consists mainly of ____.
a. | a thick soil layer | b. | organic material from decaying
plants | c. | unchanged rock and mineral fragments | d. | chemically altered rock
fragments |
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17.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about weathering in
deserts?
a. | Most weathering in deserts is physical weathering. | b. | There are thin soils
in deserts. | c. | The red color of soil and rocks in deserts is caused by chemical
weathering. | d. | There is no chemical weathering in deserts. |
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18.
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Desert pavement is created as a result of ____.
a. | abrasion | c. | blowouts | b. | deflation | d. | water erosion |
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19.
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The action of abrasion can best be described as ____.
a. | windblown sand cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces | b. | coarse sand
particles rolling along the desert surface | c. | sand being blown high into the air to cut and
carve rock formations | d. | the wind creating desert
pavement |
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20.
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What is a blowout?
a. | a stony surface layer caused by deflation | b. | a stony surface
layer caused by abrasion | c. | a shallow depression caused by
abrasion | d. | a shallow depression caused by deflation |
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21.
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How does wind transport sand grains?
a. | mainly as part of the suspended load | b. | by saltation as part of the bed
load | c. | Wind transports sand grains only during dust storms. | d. | Equal quantities are
transported suspended in the air and as bed load. |
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22.
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In desert areas, what process results in the formation of a desert
pavement?
a. | abrasion | c. | deflation | b. | ephemeral stream flow | d. | plucking |
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23.
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Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called ____.
a. | a blowout | c. | desert pavement | b. | a sand dune | d. | loess |
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24.
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When wind creates a sand dune, the sheltered side of the dune ____.
a. | has no incline | b. | has the same incline as the windward
side | c. | is steeper than the windward side | d. | has a more gently sloping angle than the
windward side |
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25.
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Over time, sand dunes tend to migrate ____.
a. | in the same direction as the wind blows | b. | perpendicular to the
movement of the wind | c. | toward the wind | d. | in random
directions |
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26.
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Dunes whose tips point into the wind are called ____.
a. | barchan dunes | c. | transverse dunes | b. | longitudinal dunes | d. | parabolic dunes |
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27.
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In Figure 7-2, which diagram illustrates barchan dunes?
a. | diagram A | c. | diagram C | b. | diagram B | d. | diagram D |
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28.
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In Figure 7-2, which diagram illustrates longitudinal dunes?
a. | diagram A | c. | diagram C | b. | diagram B | d. | diagram D |
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29.
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The shape of star dunes is mostly due to ____.
a. | the amount of vegetation | c. | variable wind
speeds | b. | variable wind directions | d. | the amount of sand |
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30.
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What type of sand dune would most likely form if the sand supply is limited, the
wind direction is constant, and vegetation is sparse?
a. | barchan dunes | c. | star dunes | b. | longitudinal dunes | d. | transverse
dunes |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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31.
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A(n) ____________________ is a streamlined asymmetrical hill composed of
till.
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32.
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A(n) ____________________ is a U-shaped valley produced by the erosion of a
valley glacier.
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33.
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The lifting and removal of loose material by wind is called
____________________.
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34.
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Most sand dunes have a gently sloping
____________________ side.
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35.
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Long sand ridges oriented at right angles to the wind form ____________________
dunes.
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Short Answer
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36.
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What are some of the results of the last ice age?
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37.
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Why is erosion after a rainfall a concern in desert areas?
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38.
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What type of weathering is the most important in desert areas?
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39.
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Describe the two ways that wind causes erosion.
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40.
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What are the sloping layers called that are formed when sand is deposited in
dunes?
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Essay
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41.
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Explain how sand dunes form by describing the movement and direction of the wind
and how sand is deposited.
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